A
ABANDINUS - From Celto-Roman temple in Godmanchester, England. Three temples near the river Alban. Water tank and well nearby, possibly a water deity.
ABILUS - Worshipped at Ar-nay-de-luc (in the cote-d'Or) in France. Associated with the Celtic goddess Damona.
ABNOBA - Celtic goddess of hunting and forest, worshipped in the Black forest. Probably also a fertility and mother goddess. Equated with Diana as Diana Abnoba.
AERICURA - (Herecura) Celto-Germanic mother/underworld goddess, consort of Dis Pater. Protector of humans in the afterlife. A male equivalent, Aericurus, was found in Northumberland England.
ALAISIAGAE - Celto-German goddesses who were linked with MARS in dedications at Hadrian's wall. Thought to be war goddesses, possibly Valkyries.
ALATOR - See Mars Alator.
ALAVINA - Celtic mother goddess from inscription in Manderscheid Germany.
ALBIORIX - See Mars Albiorix.
ALISANOS - Celtic god worshipped as the spirit of the rock. Earth deity?
ANCOMNA - Mother/healing goddess of the Treveri, consort of Mars Lenus or Mars Smertius.
ANCASTA - Celtic mother goddess from Bitterne, Hampshire, England.
ANDARTE - Mother goddess worshipped by the Voconti in Gaul. Known as Dea Augusta Andarta, possibly equated with Magna Mater. The name denotes rulership.
ANDINUS - Celtic god known from an inscription in Upper Moesia.
ANDRASTE - Celtic goddess of Victory, worshipped during Boudicca rebellion.
ANTENOCITICUS - Celtic god known from a temple on Hadrian's Wall. (Antocidicus).
APADEVA - Celtic water goddess known from a dedicatory inscription in Cologne, Germany.
APOLLO ATEPOMARUS - Healing god with Sun connotations, known from France.
APOLLO BELENUS - Sun and Healing god, more widely known.
APOLLO CUNOMAGLUS - Hunting god? Known from inscriptions in England.
APOLLO GRANNUS - Even more popular Healing and Sun god, consort of Sirona, and mentioned by the historian Cassius Dio.
APOLLO GRANNUS MOGOUNUS - Two Celtic gods associated with each other and Apollo, from a German inscription.
APOLLO MORITASGUS - Popular healing god, Consort of Damona.
APOLLO TOUTIORIX - From German inscription, thought to be the same god as Teutates.
APOLLO VINDONNUS - Healing and Sun god, known from French temples. Associated with the healing of sight.
APOLLO VIROTUTIS - Celtic god whose name means "benefactor of humanity." Worshipped in Gaul.
ARAUSIO - Deity of the town of Arausio, France.
ARDUINNA - Celtic boar goddess of the Ardennes. Associated with hunting, and the goddess Diana.
ARECURIUS - Celtic underworld god, known from England. His consort was Aericura.
ARNEMETIA - A Celtic goddess known from Aquae Arnemetiae,(the waters of Arnementia), now Buxton, England. Her name is generally thought to translate into "She who dwells over against the Sacred Grove."
ARTAIOS - Celtic god linked with Mercury as Mercury Artaios.
ARTIO - Celtic goddess of forest animals, plenty, hunting, and fertility. Possible connection with the Greek Artemis? Probably linked with Diana.
ARVERNUS - See Mercury Arvernus.
ATEPOMARUS - See Apollo Atepomarus.
AUFANIAE - Celtic mother goddesses known as the Matronae Aufaniae.
AVETA - Celtic mother goddess of nursing, fruit, plenty & prosperity.
B
BACO - Boar god known from France. [Root of the word bacon??]
BARREX - See Mars Barrex.
BAUDIHILLIA - One of the Alaisigae goddesses, known from Hadrian's wall.
BEDA - One of the Alaisigae goddesses, known from Hadrian's wall.
BEISSIRISSA - Celtic god equated with Jupiter Optimus Maximus.
BELATUCADRUS - Celtic war god whose name is thought to translate as "Fair Shining One," from inscriptions at Hadrian's wall.
BELENUS - See Apollo Belenus.
BERGUSIA - Celtic goddess of crafts and prosperity, consort of the god Ucuetis, known from France.
BORMANNA - Celtic goddess of healing springs, consort of the god Bormo.
BORMANUS - Another name for the god Bormo.
BORMO - Healing god of bubbling springs, also associated with plenty. Associated with Apollo, and pictured holding a goblet, purse and plate of fruit. Known from Spain, France, and Gaul.
BORVO - Another name for the god Bormo.
BOUDINA - Celtic mother goddess known from an inscription in Manderscheid, Germany.
BREGANS - Celtic god who was the consort of the goddess Brigantia.
BRICTA - Celtic goddess who was the consort of the god Luxovius. Known from inscriptions at thermal springs in France, and thought to have a possible connection to the Irish goddess Brigit.
BRIGANTIA - Goddess of victory known from inscriptions in Britain. Thought to be the patron deity of the Brigantes tribe. Sometimes equated with the goddess Victoria. Portrayed with a mural crown, wings, spear and Aegis shield, usually associated with
Minerva. Her consort was the god Bregans.
BRIXIANUS - See Jupiter Brixianus.
C
CAIVA - Celtic mother goddess known from the dedication inscription of a Roman temple at Pelm, Germany.
CALAEDICUS - See Silvanus Calaedicus.
CALLIRIUS - See Silvanus Callirius.
CAMULOS - Celtic war god known in both Britain and Gaul. Known to be important in pre-Roman times, and equated with Mars as Mars Camulos.
CANDIDA - Celtic goddess known only from an inscription found near Frankfurt, Germany that addresses her as "Deae Candidae Reginae" (To the goddess Candida the Queen). She may have been a goddess of fortune, as she was portrayed in a manner similar to the
goddess Fortuna.
CARPANTUS - Celtic god known from inscriptions in France. The name suggests a connection with the town of Carpentorate (modern Carpentras) in southern France.
CATURIX - See Mars Caturix.
CERNENUS - A Celtic god who was linked to Jupiter as Jupiter Cernenus. Probably the same deity as Cernunnos.
CERNUNNOS - Celtic god of fertility, abundance, regeneration and wild animals. Worshipped widely in Roman times, but also known from Pre-Roman sites. Cernunnos means "horned one." The distribution of images show that Cernunnos was widely worshipped in
both Gaul and Britain.
CISSONIA - Celtic goddess known from inscriptions found in Germany. Consort of Cissonius.
CISSONIUS - See Mercury Cissonius.
COCIDIUS- Celtic god who was primarily worshipped in Northern and Western Cumbria, and in the Hadrian's Wall region. A god of woodland and hunting, also a god of war sometimes depicted with a shield and spear. At Ebchester there was an inscription to
Cocidius Vernostonus, (a Celtic god whose name means "alder tree"). Cocidius was sometimes equated with the Roman god Silvanus, and at other times with Mars. A Fanum Cocidi (sanctuary of Cocidius) is mentioned in in the Ravenna Cosmography; it was
probably somewhere near the valley of the Irthing River, near Hadrian's Wall.
COMEDOVAE - Triad of Celtic mother goddesses, referred to as the Matres Comedovae.
CONDATIS - God of the confluence of rivers in the Tyne-Tees region of England. Although a god of water and possibly of healing, he was sometimes equated with Mars.
CONTREBIS - Celtic god who is known from an inscription at Overborough, Lancashire, England. Contrebis means "he who dwells among us". In another inscription at Lancaster, England, he is identified with the Celtic god Ialonus as Ialonus Contrebis.
COROTIACUS - See Mars Corotiacus.
COVENTIN - A Celtic goddess of a spring at Carrawburgh, near Hadrian's Wall. Although the spring had no medicinal properties, Coventina may have been regarded as a healer and water goddess. She apparently had high status, and is referred to in
inscriptions as "Augusta" and "Sancta." Coventina is usually portrayed as a water nymph, naked and reclining on lapping waves. She holds a water lily, and in one depiction is shown in triplicate pouring water from a beaker.
CRETO - An alternative rending of the Celtic god "Greto" in an inscription.
CUDA - Celtic goddess known from an inscribed sculpture found at Cirencester, England. The image depicts her as a mother goddess, accompanied by three hooded "Genii Cucullati." The goddess is depicted seated with something in her lap (possibly an egg or
loaf) and the three hooded figures are standing. The nearest figure appears to be accepting something from Cuda. The name Cuda refers to prosperity.
CUNOMAGLUS - See Apollo Cunomaglus.
D
DAMONA - Celtic goddess worshipped in Burgundy, France. She seems to have been a goddess of fertility and healing and was sometimes associated with Apollo Moritasgus, Abilus, Bormo, and other water gods at healing springs. One inscription links her with
the practice of incubation, wherein pilgrims slept at healing shrines to receive cures through dreams. The name Damona means "great or divine cow."
DEA AUGUSTA ANDARTA - See Andarta.
DEA MALUISAE - Celtic-German mother goddesses who were invoked in an inscription on an altar found in the German Rhineland.
DEA MATRES - See Matres.
DEA QUADRIVIAE - Celtic deities of crossroads, also referred as the Dea Quadruviae, or Quadrivae.
DEA NUTRIX - A particular form of Celtic mother goddess, usually depicted sitting in a high-backed wicker chair suckling one or two children. Pipeclay statuettes in this form have been found throughout all ancient Celtic areas. Finds of these statues in
graves suggest that Dea Nurix was also a goddess of renewal and rebirth. Pipeclay figurines resembling the classical Venus are also probably connected with a Celtic-Roman domestic fertility cult.
DEIOTAURUS - Celtic god who was worshipped in Galatia (now an area of northern Turkey). His name probably means "divine bull."
DI CONSERVATORES - "Savior Gods" A collective term of Roman origin used to address those deities who were believed to have preserved a worshipper during a difficult time. There is an altar dedicated to Di Conservatores in South Shields, England.
DIS PATER - An alternative name for Dis, the god of the underworld. In Southern Germany and the Balkans, Dis pater was paired with a Celtic goddess, Aericura. Julius Caesar wrote that the Gauls considered themselves to be descendants of Dis Pater.
DISCIPLINA - Roman goddess of orderly conduct, used to maintain order within the Legions. The earliest inscription to this goddess is from an altar at Chesters, Hadrian's Wall. Eight dedications to this goddess are known from England.
DOMESTICAE - See Matres Domesticae.
E
ENTARABUS - Variant spelling of Intarabus, from a German inscription.
EPONA - Celtic horse goddess, whose name is derived from the Celtic word for horse. Her worship was spread throughout Gaul and Britain. Epona was a popular goddess in Rome, and even had a Roman festival day, December 18. This is unique for a Gaulish
deity. Epona was always portrayed on or with horses, and sometimes with paterae full of corn, ears of corn, baskets of fruit, a dog, and a key. Apart from her association with horses, the symbolism suggests that Epona was also associated with water, and
presided over such aspects of life as fertility, healing, death and rebirth.
EUSUS - A Celtic god who is known from the writings of the first-century Roman poet Lucan. Eusus is also known from inscriptions in Paris, France, and Trier, Germany. The god had a particular connection with willow trees and is depicted as a woodsman
cutting or pruning trees. In later written commentaries from the ninth century, Eusus was compared to both Mars and Mercury.
F
FAGUS - Celtic god who personified the beech tree. He was worshipped in the French Pyrenees.
FORTUNA CONSERVATRIX - Fortuna the preserver. There was an altar dedicated to this goddess at the fort of Chesters on Hadrian's Wall, England.
FRIGABIS - One of the Alisiagae, from an inscription from Housesteads, on Hadrian's Wall.
G
GEBRINIUS - See Mercury Gebrinius.
GENIUS CUCULLATUS - "Hooded spirit." The name given to a series of representations, usually relief carvings in stone, of hooded deities. A Cucullus was a hood fastened to a cloak, and the name "genio cucullato" is mentioned in an inscription found in a
Celtic-Roman shrine at Wabelsdorf, Austria. Genii Cucullati are portrayed as dwarves, often carrying edds or bags of money, sometimes with scrolls. They are sometimes associated with mother goddesses. They appear to be Celtic deities associated with
fertility and prosperity, and possibly with renewal and rebirth.
GENIUS LOCI - A formula used in dedication when the suppliant was uncertain of the name of the deity to whom a sacrifice was being made.
GLANIS - The eponymous Celtic patron of the town of Glanum (St. Remy), France.
GRANNUS - See Apollo Grannus.
GRETO - Celtic god who is known from an inscription at Stumpfer Turm, Germany.
GRISELICAE - See Matres Griselicae.
H
HAMMER GOD - An important Celtic deity who was worshipped in Gaul. He was represented both with a consort and alone; a few representations are dedicated to Sucellus. Most depict the god bearded with a short belted tunic, a heavy cloak, a long handled
hammer and a small pot or goblet. Other symbols such as a wine barrel and a dog, show a wide range of spheres of influence. He was associated with wine production, healing springs, prosperity and plenty, and nature.
HERCULES ILLUNUS - The Celtic god Illunus linked with the Roman god Hercules. Worshipped in the province of Gallia Narbonensis, (Province, France).
HERCULES MAGUSANUS - The most popular of the Celtic gods linked with Hercules. Known from dedications in Gaul.
HERCULES SAEGON - Celtic god linked with Hercules, known from an inscription at Silchester, England. Saegon may be a form of the name "Segomo," meaning "victorious."
HVETERIS - Probably an alternative name of the Celtic deity Vitris.
HVITIRIS - Probably an alternative name of the Celtic deity Vitris.
I
IALONA - Celtic goddess who was the female counterpart of the Celtic god Ialonus. Worshipped at Nimes, France.
IALONUS - Celtic god who was the personification of the land. Possibly a deity of clearings or cultivated fields, or deity of the woodland glade.
IALONUS CONTREBIS - The Celtic god Ialonus identified with the Celtic god Contrebis. Ialonus Contrebis, "Ialonus who dwells among us" is invoked in an inscription found at Lancaster, England.
IANUARIA - A Celtic goddess who is known from a shrine at Beire-le-Chatel, France. A stone statue portrays her as a young girl with curly hair, wearing a heavy pleated coat and holding a set of pan pipes. the shrine is at a healing spring, and also
contains images of Apollo, triple horned bulls, and doves. With these associations she may have been a goddess of music and healing.
ICOVELLAUNA - A Celtic goddess who was worshipped in eastern Gaul. There are inscriptions to her in both France and Germany. She appears to have been a goddess of healing springs.
ILUNNUS - See Hercules Ilunnus.
INCIONA - A Celtic goddess who was worshipped as the partner of the Celtic god Veraudinus. This divine couple is known from an inscription in Luxembourg. Possibly deities of that specific locality.
INTARABUS - A Celtic woodland god known from inscriptions at Trier, Germany. In one inscription he is equated with Mars. Intarabus is probably the same deity as Entarabus.
IOVANTUCARUS - A Celtic god who was equated with the Celtic god Lenus at Trier, Germany. He appears to have been worshipped as a protector of youth, and is known to have been equated with the Roman god Mercury.
IUNONES - A Celtic triple version of the goddess Juno. Iunones was the name of a triad of Celtic mother goddesses worshipped in Gaul.
J
JUPITER BEISSIRISSA - A Celtic god who was identified with the Roman god Jupiter. He is know from a dedication to Jupiter Optimus Maximus Beissirissa, found at Cadeac, Hautes-Pyrenees, southern France.
JUPITER BRIXIANUS - A Celtic god identified with the Roman god Jupiter. He is known from Brescia, northern Italy. Likely a god of that locality.
JUPITER CERNENUS - The Celtic god Cernenus, (Cernunnos) linked with the Roman god Jupiter. From an inscription in Gaul.
JUPITER PARTHINUS - Celtic god identified with the Roman god Jupiter. From inscriptions in Dalmatia and Upper Moesia. May be associated with the local tribe of the Partheni.
JUPITER POENINUS -A Celtic god identified with the Roman god Jupiter. Worshipped in the Alps around the Great St. Bernard Pass. A sanctuary with a votive plaque was established there in the Iron Age, and continued to be used through Roman times.
JUPITER TANARUS - See Tanarus.
JUPITER TARANIS - See Taranis.
JUPITER UXELLINUS - A Celtic god who was identified with the Roman god Jupiter. Worshipped in the high Austrian mountains.
L
LAHA - A Celtic goddess who was worshipped in the foothills of the Pyrenees, France. She appears to have been a water goddess associated with springs. She may be connected with the Iberian god Lahus Paraliomegus.
LAHUS PARALIOMEGUS - An Iberian god known from an inscription in northwest Spain. May be connected with the Celtic goddess Laha.
LAMIAE TRES - "Three Witches" Possible Celtic deities known from a dedication on an altar found at Benwell on Hadrian's Wall. Witches were not normally considered as deities, and this inscription is unique. It is possible that these figures were similar
to the Celtic mother goddesses known as the Matres.
LATIS - A Celtic goddess known from Cumbria, England. She was a local goddess of watery places, bogs and pools. Inscriptions to her are known from Fallsteads and from Birdoswald on Hadrian's Wall.
LATROBIUS - A Celtic god of mountains and sky who was worshipped in Austria. He was equated with both Mars and Jupiter. A dedication to Mars Latrobius has been found 6,651 feet above sea level, on the highest peak of Mount Koralpe, Austria.
LENO - A Celtic god who was the protective deity of Lerins, Province, France. Other than dedicatory inscriptions which mention this god, little is known about him.
LENUMIUS - See Mars Lenumius.
LENUS - An important Celtic healing god of the Treveri tribe, who had sanctuaries at medicinal springs at Trier and Pommern in Germany. Dedications to him are also known from Britain. Lenus was sometimes equated with the Celtic god Iovantucarus,
apparently as a protector of youth. Lenus was also equated with Mars at Trier and is more usually referred to in inscription as Lenus Mars, rather than Mars Lenus, meaning that this god was well established before Roman influence. His sanctuary had a
large Romano-Celtic temple, and a huge altar. At Trier Mars Lenus's divine partner was the Celtic goddess Ancamna.
LOUCETIUS - See Mars Loucetius.
LUG - Possibly a Celtic god, the equivalent of the Irish god Lugh. The worship of a Celtic god called Lug may account for various place names, such as Lugdunum (Modern Lyon) in France. Both inscriptions and place names may be connected with this god.
LUXOVIUS - A Celtic god who was the eponymous deity of Luxeuil, France. He is known only from this site, where he was worshipped as the partner of the goddess Bricta. This divine couple were deities of the thermal spring, where other deities were also
worshipped.
M
MAPONUS - A Celtic god who was worshipped both in Britain and France. Maponus means "divine youth." He was sometimes equated with the Greek god Apollo. The Ravenna Cosmography, dating from the fifth century, mentions a "Locus Maponi" (place of Maponus).
This was possibly a cult center and may have been located in Galloway, Scotland. Dedications to Maponus suggest that he was associated with music and poetry, but on a sculptured stone in Ribchester, England he is also portrayed alongside an unnamed
goddess of hunting.
MARS ALATOR - A Celtic god who was equated with the Roman god Mars. He is known from an inscription on an altar found at South Shields, England, and also from a silver-gilt votive plaque found at Barkway, Hertfordshire, England. The Celtic name Alator is
interpreted as meaning "huntsman" or "he who cherishes" although his identification with Mars may imply that he was a god of war.
MARS ALBIORIX - A Celtic god who was equated with the Roman god Mars. He was the protector of the Albici tribe in Southern France, and was also regarded as a mountain god.
MARS BARREX - A Celtic god who was equated with the Roman god Mars. This god is known only from a dedicatory inscription found at Carlisle, England. An alternative reading of the name on the inscription is Barrecis. The name "Barrex" or "Barrecis"
probably means "supreme."
MARS BELATUCADRUS - The Celtic god Belatucadrus who was equated with the Roman god Mars. He is known in this form from five inscriptions found in the area of Hadrian's Wall.
MARS BRACIACA - A Celtic god who was equated with the Roman god Mars. This god is known only from a single inscription found at Bakewell, England.
MARS CAMULOS - See Camulos.
MARS CATURIX - A Celtic god who was equated with the Roman god Mars. He was worshipped in Gaul, and was possibly the tribal god of the Caturiges.
MARS COCIDIUS -A Celtic god who was equated with the Roman god Mars. He is known in the area of north and west Cumbria and around Hadrian's Wall. Usually a god of woodland and hunting, Cocidius seems to have been regarded as a war god in the instances
when he was equated with Mars.
MARS CONDATIS - A Celtic god who was equated with the Roman god Mars. Condatis was god of the confluence of rivers and a god of water and healing, Mars Condatis presumably fulfilled a similar function. He is known from inscriptions found at Piercebridge,
Bowes and Chester-le-Street, near Hadrian's Wall, England.
MARS COROTIACUS - A Celtic god who was equated with the Roman god Mars. He is known only from an inscription on a fragmentary bronze sculpture from Suffolk, England. The statue portrays a warrior riding a horse over a prostrate enemy.
MARS LATOBIUS - See Latobius.
MARS LENUMIUS - A Celtic god who was equated with the Roman god Mars. He is known from a dedication to him found at the fort of Benwell on Hadrian's Wall, England. Little else is known about him.
MARS LENUS - See Lenus.
MARS LOUCETIUS - The Roman god Mars possibly linked with a Celtic deity. The name "Loucetius" means "lightning" or "brilliant." It is not certain whether Loucetius was a Celtic god, or a Celtic use of the title Loucetius for Mars. Loucetius Mars is known
from a dedication found at bath, England, where a divine couple of Loucetius Mars and the Celtic goddess Nemetona was worshipped. Mars Loucetius may have been a healing god, since this particular dedication was on an alter in the temple of Sulis Minerva
at the medicinal springs at bath. Mars Loucetius is also known from several other places in Europe and Germany.
MARS MEDIOCUS -
A Celtic god who was equated with the Roman god Mars. He is known from an inscription found on a bronze panel found at Colchester, England.
MARS MULLO - A Celtic god who was equated with the Roman god Mars. The cult of Mars Mullo was popular in northern and northwestern Gaul, in particular Normandy and Brittany. There is evidence that there was a center of this cult at Rennes, Brittany, which
was the tribal capital of the Redones. At Allones, France, Mars Mullo was worshipped as a healer of eye afflictions. The importance of this cult is shown by an inscription that links Mars Mullo to the emperor Augustus.
MARS NABELCUS - A Celtic mountain god who was equated with the Roman god Mars. He was worshipped in the Vaucluse mountains of Provence, as well as in other mountain areas of southern France.
MARS NODENS - See Nodens.
MARS OCELUS - A Celtic god referred to in dedications from Caerwent, Wales, and Carlisle, England. He is probably the same as Mars Lenus, who is linked with Ocelos in another dedication from Caerwent, Wales, which refers to Mars Lenus and to Ocelos
Vellaunus.
MARS OLLOUDIUS - A Celtic god who was equated with the Roman god Mars, worshipped in both Britain and Gau. Mars Olloudius appears to have been a god of peaceful protection (in contrast to Mars' warlike aspect) and probably also of fertility, prosperity
and healing. An image of Mars Olloudius is known from Custom Scrubs, Gloucestershire, England, where he is accompanied by a patera and a double cornucopia, symbolizing abundance.
MARS RIGAS - A Celtic god who was equated with the Roman god Mars. He is known from a single inscription found at Malton, North Yorkshire, England.
MARS RIGISAMUS - A Celtic god who was equated with the Roman god Mars. He is known from dedications found in both Gaul and England. In Somerset, England, evidence suggests that there may have been a shrine dedicated to this god. the name Rigisamus means
"King of Kings" or "Most Kingly" and implies a very high status for this god, beyond the usual roles of Mars.
MARS RIGONEMETIS - ("Mars King of the Sacred Grove"). A Celtic god who was equated with the Roman god Mars. This deity is known from an inscription found at Nettleham, Lincolnshire, England, where he was linked to the "Numen" of the emperor in the
dedication. This association with the emperor implies a high status for the god, but no other dedications of him are known. It is possible that the stone on which this inscription was found was once part of the arch of a temple.
MARS RUDIANUS - A Celtic war god who was equated with the Roman god Mars. He was worshipped in southern Gaul. Rudianus means "red," probably (through blood symbolism) reflecting the warlike nature of the deity.
MARS SEGOMO - A Celtic god who was equated with the Roman god Mars, meaning "Mars Victorious." Mars Segomo was worshipped by the Sequani tribe in Gaul. Segomo is more of a title than a name, and may be an epithet of Mars rather than a separate Celtic
deity.
MARS SMERTRIUS - A Celtic god of abundance who was equated with the Roman god Mars. The name Smertrius seems to mean "The Provider." He is known from a dedication found at Mohn, near Trier, Germany, where a shrine was dedicated to this god and to the
Celtic goddess Ancamna.
MARS TEUTATES - See Teutates.
MARS THINCSUS - A Celtic or possibly German god, known from a dedication found at Housesteads, Hadrian's Wall, England, where he is linked with two goddesses called the Alaisigae, these goddesses were also linked with Mars on another inscription from
Housteads.
MARS VISUCIUS - See Visucius.
MARS VOROCIUS - A Celtic god of healing who was equated with the Roman god Mars at the medicinal springs at Vichy, Allier, France. Mars Vorocius was worshipped as a healer of eye afflictions and was depicted as a Celtic warrior.
MATRES - Also called Dea Matres or Matronae, these were Celtic Mother goddesses, normally worshipped in a triad. The Latin word Matres mean "mothers." They were often portrayed in art, particularly sculpture, usually as three seated women, wearing long
robes and accompanied by various symbolic objects. Their symbols included cereal crops, bread, fruit, and other symbols of plenty, babies and children. The Matres were largely worshipped in northwest Europe under a variety of names and with differing
attributes, such as the Matres Domesticae. Goddesses that have been called Deae Nutrices are apparently connected with the Matres.
MATRES COMEDOVAE - A triad of Celtic mother goddesses known as Comedovae. they were worshipped at Aix-les-Bains, France, where they were associated with healing and the medicinal properties of the hot springs.
MATRES DOMESTICAE - A triad of Celtic mother goddesses who are known from inscriptions found in Britain. dedications to these deities are known from Chichester, York, Stanwix, and Burgh-by-Sands, England. The name "Domesticae" probably means "goddesses of
the homeland."
MATRES GRISELICAE - Celtic mother goddesses who were worshipped at medicinal springs at Greoulx, southern France.
MATRES NEMAUSICAE - See Nemausicae.
MATRES SULEVIAE - See Suleviae.
MATRONAE - An alternative name for the Matres or Dea Matres, Celtic mother goddesses.
MATRONAE ALHIAHENAE - Celto-Germanic mother goddesses known only from an inscription on an altar found at Neidenheim, Germany.
MATRONAE ANDRUSTEHIAE - Celto-Germanic mother goddesses who were invoked in an inscription on an altar from the Rhineland, Germany.
MATRONAE AUDRINEHAE - Celto Germanic mother goddesses who were invoked in an inscription on an altar from the Rhineland, Germany.
MATRONAE AUFANIAE - Celto-Germanic mother goddesses who were worshipped in the Rhineland, Germany, also known as the Aufaniae. They were portrayed as one young woman with flowing hair, flanked by two older women with large circular bonnets. They wear long
robes and carry baskets of fruit. They were often associated with faunal and floral symbols such as birds, snakes, trees, and flowers. A temple at Nettersheim, near Bonn, Germany, was dedicated to these goddesses.
MATRONAE AXSINGINEHAE - Celto-Germanic mother goddesses who were invoked in an inscription on an altar from the Rhineland, Germany.
MATRONAE FERNOVINEHAE - Celto-Germanic mother goddesses who were invoked in an inscription on an altar from the Rhineland, Germany.
MATRONAE UDRAVARINEHAE - Celto-Germanic mother goddesses who were invoked in an inscription on an altar from the Rhineland, Germany.
MATRONAE VACALLINEHAE - Celto-Germanic mother goddesses who were worshipped in the Rhineland, Germany. There was an important cult center of these deities at Pesch, near Zulpich, Germany. More than 160 altars dedicated to the Matronae Vacallinehae have
been found here, many set up by the soldiers of Legion XXX Ulpia. Portrayals of the goddesses show them with large linen headdresses, they are usually accompanied by loaves of bread.
MATRONAE VALLABNEIHAE - Celto-Germanic mother goddesses who were invoked in an inscription on an altar from the Rhineland, Germany.
MATUNUS - A Celtic god who is known from a dedication found at Risingham, England. "Matunus" means "Divine Bear."
MEDOCIUS - See Mars Medocius.
MERCURY ARTAIOS - The Celtic god Artaios who was equated with the Roman god Mercury. He was worshipped at Beaucroissant, France. He was probably connected with bears and hunting, both as a protector of bears and as a protector of bear hunters.
MERCURY ARVERNUS - The Celtic god Arvernus who was equated with the Roman god Mercury. He was worshipped in the Rhineland and was probably a god of that locality. The name Arvernus suggests that he was a particular deity of the Arverni tribe, but
dedications to Mercury Arvernus do not occur within their territory which was within the Auvergne region of central France.
MERCURY CISSONIUS - The Celtic god Cissonius who was linked to the Roman god Mercury. This deity is known within a region from Cologne, Germany, to Saintes, France.
MERCURY GEBRINIUS - The Celtic god Gebrinius who was equated with the Roman god Mercury. He is known from an inscription on an altar found at Bonn, Germany.
MERCURY MOCCUS - A Celtic god who was equated with the Roman god Mercury. He is known from evidence at Langres, France. The name "Moccus" (pig) suggests that he was connected with boar hunting.
MERCURY VISUCIUS - See Visucius.
MITHRAS - Roman hero deity whose worship was spread throughout Celtic lands by the Legions. Mithras was the god of Truth, Victory and Light. Mithraism, the mystery religion dedicated to him, was practiced in temples called Mithraeums, which were often
underground. Several Mithraeums have been found in both Gaul and Britain.
MOCCUS - See Mercury Moccus.
MOGONS - ("Great One") A Celtic god who was worshipped mainly in northern England, particularly around Hadrian's Wall. He is also known from evidence in both Germany and France. There appear to be various spellings of this god's name, and dedications to
Mogtus, Mogunus, Mogounus, and Mountus are all thought to refer to this god. The Celtic goddess Mogontia may be connected to this deity.
MOGONS VITIRIS - The Celtic god Mogons equated with the Celtic god Vitiris, known from a single inscription found at Netherby, Cumbria, England.
MOGONTIA - A Celtic goddess who is known from an inscription found at Sablon, France. Mogontia may be linked to the Celtic god Mogons.
MOGOUNUS - Probably an alternative name for the Celtic god Mogons.
MOGTUS - Probably an alternative name for the Celtic god Mogons.
MOGUNUS - Probably an alternative name for the Celtic god Mogons.
MORITASGUS - See Apollo Moritasgus.
MOUNTUS -Probably an alternative name for the Celtic god Mogons.
MULLO - See Mars Mullo.
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NABELCUS - See Mars Nabelcus.
NANTOSUELTA - A Celtic goddess whose name means "winding river" or "meandering brook." She was invoked with the Celtic god Sucellos as a divine couple.
NEHALENNIA - A Celtic goddess of seafarers, fertility and abundance. The name Nehalennia may mean "steerswoman" or "leader." She is known at two coastal shrines at Domburg and Colijnsplaat, the Netherlands, in the territory of the Morini tribe. Many
altars have been found at these sites, and on them Nehalennia is frequently portrayed with symbols of sea travel, such as a steering oar, as well as with symbols of abundance, such as a heap of fruit or a cornucopia. Another frequent accompanying symbol
is a dog, usually portrayed in a benign protective pose. The variety of symbolism suggests that the goddess provided over wider activities such as healing, death and rebirth, and not just travel at see. Nehalennia is also known from a dedication at the
river port in Cologne, Germany.
NEMAUSICAE - (Also known as the Matres Nemausicae) Celtic mother goddesses of fertility and healing who were associated with the shrine and spa a the town of Nimes, France. they were also associated with Nemausus, the eponymous god of that town who
presided over the healing spring.
NEMAUSUS - An ancient local Celto-Ligurian god of Nimes, France. The Ligurians were pre-Celtic people living in the extreme south of Gaul. Nemausus was probably the spirit of the healing springs at Nimes, where the local goddesses of healing and fertility
(Matres Nemausicae) were also worshipped.
NEMETONA - A Celtic goddess of the sacred grove. She was mainly worshipped in the territory of the Nemetes in Germany. She was usually paired with a Celtic versiion of Mars, such as Mars Rigonemetis, or Mars Loucetius. A dedication to her and Mars
Loucietius has been found at Bath, England.
NODENS - Also known as Nodons or Nudens, a Celtic god of healing found only in Britain. There is no known portrayal of Nodens in human form, but representations of a dog occur which may portray the god or an associated attribute. Dedications to Mars
Nodens have been found at Lydney, Gloucestershire, and near Lancaster, Lancashire. There was an important temple complex and healing sanctuary dedicated to Nodens at Lydney.
NUDENS - An alternative name for the Celtic god Nodens.
O
OCELOS - A Celtic god also known as Ocelus. He is recorded on three inscriptions found in Britain, two of which are from Caerwent, Wales: in one he was identified with the Celtic god Vellaunus in a dedication to "the god Mars Lenus or Ocelos Vellaunus."
In the third dedication , from Carlisle, England, he is invoked as Mars Ocelos.
OGMIOS - A Celtic god mentioned by the Greek author, Lucian, who traveled in Gaul in the second century. He encountered the cult of Ogmios in Gallia Narbonensis. Ogmios was apparently portrayed as an old bald man, burnt by the sun. He was shown linked to
a band of men by a thin gold chain running from his tongue to their ears, apparently to symbolize the fact that he was regarded as a god of eloquent speech. Despite his physical appearance, Ogmios was equated with Hercules, and Lucian was informed that
this was because the Celts equated eloquence with Hercules because of his strength. Ogmios is also known from two curse tablets from Austria.
OLLOUDIUS - See Mars Olloudius.
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PISINTOS - A Celtic god who was worshipped at Trier, Germany, where he was equated with the Roman god Vertumnus as Vertumnus Pisintos.
POENINUS - See Jupiter Poeninus.
PRITONA - An alternative reading of the name of the Celtic goddess Ritona.
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QUADRUVIAE -Celtic goddesses of crossroads who were also known as Quadriviae, Dea Quadruviae or Deae Quadriviae. There are several dedications to these deities from Germany. An inscription found near cologne reads "to the goddesses of the crossroads, road
forks, roads and paths."
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RATA - Alternative spelling for the Celtic goddess Ratis.
RATIS - (Also Known as Rata) A Celtic goddess who is known from inscriptions found at Birdoswald and Chesters on Hadrian's Wall, England. "Ratis" means "Goddess of the Fortress."
RICAGAMBEDA - A Germanic goddess known from an inscription on an altar found at Birrens, Scotland. The altar was dedicated by soldiers of the Second Cohort of Tungri.
RIGISAMUS - See Mars Rigisamus.
RIGONEMETIS - See Mars Rigonemetis.
RITONA - A Celtic goddess of fords and water crossings who was worshipped at Trier and Pachten, Germany.
ROSMERTA - A Celtic goddess whose name means "The Great Provider." She was usually associated with the Roman god Mercury, together they formed a divine couple which was worshipped over much of Europe, particularly in central and eastern Gaul. She was also
worshipped in southwest England. In the divine couple, Rosmerta was a goddess of prosperity and abundance, and was often depicted with a cornucopia and patera. In other portrayals, the couple is accompanied by purses of money and caducei. On a carving
from Mannheim, Germany, Rosmerta holds a purse on which a snake lays its head. In Britain, Rosmerta was sometimes shown accompanied by a bucket, and in one carving she has a scepter and a ladle held over a bucket. She was occasionally worshipped on her
own as a goddess of plenty , and at Gissey-la-veil, France, she was associated with a sacred spring.
RUDIANUS - See Mars Rudianus.
RODIOBUS - A Celtic god who is referred to in an inscription on a bronze figurine of a horse found at Neuvy-En-Sullias, France. Horses were presumably sacred to this god.
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SAEGON - See Hercules Saegon.
SAITADA - A Celtic goddess known from an inscription found in the Tyne Valle, England. The name Saitada may mean "Goddess of Grief."
SARANA - A Celtic Goddess who is known from evidence at a temple at Szony, Hungary. She is probably the same deity as the Celtic goddess Sirona.
SATTADA - A goddess (possibly Saiiada) recorded in an inscription on an altar found at Beltingham, near Hadrian's Wall, England. The inscription is problematic in that it records the dedication of the altar by the assembly of the Testoverdi, which is not
recognized as a Celtic name. It is thought most likely that the Textoverdi were a native tribe living in the area, and that Sattada was a local native goddess.
SEGOMO - See Mars Segomo.
SEQUANA - A Celtic goddess of water and healing, and a personification of the Seine River at its source northwest of Dijon, France. The source of the river is in a valley in the Shallion plateau, and a healing sanctuary was dedicated to the goddess
Sequana. The goddess was portrayed wearing a diadem and standing in a boat shaped like a duck. The nature of the votive offerings from the site reflects her role as a healing goddess.
SETLOCENIA - A Celtic goddess known from a dedicatory inscription at Maryport, England. Setlocenia probably means "She of the Long Life."
SILVANUS CALLIRIUS - The Celtic god Callirius linked with the Roman god Silvanus. He is known from a dedicatory inscription found at Colchester England, that occurs on a bronze plaque that was found in a pit near a rectangular shrine. Also in the pit was
a bronze figure of a stag, which may imply that the god was regarded as a deity who protected stags (as woodland game) and hunters of stags. Callirius was a local woodland god whose name means "King of the Woodland" or "God of the Hazel Wood."
SILVANUS COCIDIUS - Housteads fort on Hadrian's Wall, England, and at Risingham fort to the north of Hadrian's Wall. At Risingham, the god is portrayed in sculptural relief as a hunter dressed in a short tunic, carrying a bow and arrow, and accompanied by
a stag and a dog.
SILVANUS MAGLAE - An inscription to Silvanus Maglae is known from the Roman province of Pannoia Superior. It is thought that Maglae was a native Celtic god who was equated with the Roman god Silvanus. However, nothing else is known about this deity, and
it is possible that Maglae is simply a local description of Silvanus.
SILVANUS POININUS - A local Celtic god equated with the Roman god Silvanus. This deity is known from an inscription found at Turnovo, Bulgaria. It is possible that Poininus is the same deity as the Celtic god Poeninus.
SILVANUS SINQUAS - See Sinquas.
SILVANUS VINOTONUS - See Vinotonus.
SINQUAS - A Celtic deity known from two inscriptions from the Roman province of Belgica. Sinquas is only equated with Silvanus in one of the inscriptions, so Sinquas is a proper name rather than a title.
SIRONA - A Celtic goddess of healing, fertility and regeneration often associated with medicinal springs. She was probably the same deity as Sarana.
SMERTRIUS - See Mars Smertrius.
SOUCONNA - A Celtic deity and personification of the Saone River at Chalon-sur- Sabine, France.
STANNA - A Celtic goddess who is known from three inscriptions found at Perigueux, France, where she is invoked with the Celtic god Telo.
SUCELLUS - A Celtic hammer god who is usually portrayed as a mature bearded male with the identifying symbol of a long-handled hammer. He often occurs with a consort, the Celtic goddess Nanotsuelta, who generally carries a model of a house on a long pole.
Dedicatory inscriptions to this divine couple are known from Gaul. Some stone carvings depicting similar deities have no dedicatory inscriptions but are usually taken to be of Sucellus and Nantosuelta. Such images are known from Gaul, Germany and Britain.
Sucellus and Nanosuelta are often accompanied by other symbols such as barrels, pots, dogs and ravens, from which it is assumed that they were associated with beneficence, domesticity and prosperity. The hammer may denote a connection with thunder, rain
and fertility.
SULEVIAE - A triad of Celtic mother goddesses who were worshipped in Gaul, Britain, Germany, Hungary and Rome itself. In Gaul they were sometimes called Matres Suleviae or were identified with the plural form of Juno as Suleviae Ionones. An altar
dedicated to the Suleviae formed part of the religious complex of Sulis Minerva at Bath, England. The Suleviae were concerned with fertility, healing and regeneration as well as maternity, and their cult was widespread.
SULIS MINERVA - A Celtic healing goddess who was linked to the Roman goddess Minerva. She was worshipped at the sacred thermal springs at Bath, England, where a pre-Roman shrine was converted to a massive religious complex in the late first century. The
springs were enclosed and fed a large ornamental pool, and a temple and bath suite were built nearby. A number of other Celtic and Roman deities were also worshipped in this religious couples, including the Suleviae. Dedications to this deity invoke her
as Sulis or Sulis Minerva, the Celtic name always proceeds the Roman one, showing that Sulis was the long established deity of the springs.
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TANARUS - A Celtic thunder god who is known from an inscription found at Chester, England, where he was equated with the Roman god Jupiter as Jupiter Optimus Maximus Tanarus. He is also known from an inscription found at Orgon, France and is thought to be
the same deity as Taranis.
TARAN - A Celtic thunder god known from an inscription found at Tours, France. He is thought to be the same deity as Taranis.
TARANIS - ("Thunderer") A Celtic thunder god who was probably the same deity as Tanarus, Taran, Taranus, Taranucus and Taranucnus. Seven altars dedicated to gods whose names are variations of Taranis are known from Britain, Germany, France, and Dalmatia.
This god was sometimes equated with the Roman god Jupiter.
TARANUCNUS -
A Celtic thunder god known from inscriptions found in Germany. Thought to be the same deity as Taranis.
TARANUCUS - A Celtic thunder god known from inscriptions found at Thauron, France. Thought to be the same deity as Taranis.
TARANUS - A Celtic thunder god known from inscriptions found in Dalmatia. Thought to be the same deity as Taranis.
TARVOSTRIGARANUS - ("the bull with three cranes") Known from inscriptions and relief found in both France and Germany. As one of the inscriptions links Tarostrigarnus with the Celtic god Esus, this may be another name for the Celtic god Tarvos.
TELO - A Celtic goddess who was the personification of the town of Toulon, France. She was the goddess of the sacred spring around which the town developed. Dedications to Telo are also known from Perigueus, France, and on three occasions she is
associated with a Celtic goddess called Stanna.
TEUTATES - A Celtic god mentioned by the 1st century Roman poet Lucan. Teutates is known from a number of inscriptions found both in Britain and Gaul. Inscriptions invoking Toutates, Toutatis, and Totatis are usually regarded as being variant spellings of
this god's name. Teutates probably means "protector of the tribe" and he appears to have also been a god of war. He was normally equated with the Roman god Mars. As Toutiorix, he was linked to the god Apollo in a German inscription. Lucan wrote that
Teutates was one of the three Celtic gods that required human sacrifice.
THINCSUS - See Mars Thincsus.
TOTATIS - Thought to be a variant spelling of the deity name Teitates.
TOUTATIS - Thought to be a variant spelling of the deity name Teutates.
TOUTIORIX - See Apollo TOUTIORIX.
TSIRONA - Thought to be a variant spelling of the goddess name Sirona.
TUTELA BOUDIGA - A Celtic goddess who is known from an inscription found in Bordeaux, France, which can be dated to 237 CE. Tutela Boudigas name means something like "protecting victory," and she appears to have been a goddess of protection and victory.
The inscription records fulfillment of a vow by Marcus Aurelius Lunaris after his safe journey from Britain. The name Boudiga is linked to Boudicca, queen of the Iceni tribe who led a rebellion against the Romans in the year 60.
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UCUETIS - A Celtic god who was the partner of the Celtic goddess Bergusia.
UXELLINUS - See Jupiter Uxellinus.
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VACALLINEHAE - See Matronae Vacallinehae.
VAGDAVERCUSTIS - A native goddess who is known from an inscription on an altar from Cologne, Germany. She appears to be a Celto-Germanic mother goddess who had a link with trees or woods.
VELLAUNUS - A Celtic god known from only two inscriptions. In Wales he was equated with the Celtic god Ocelos as Ocelos Vellaunus, and in a Gaulish inscription he was equated with the Roman god Mercury.
VERAUDINUS - A Celtic god who was the partner of the Celtic goddess Inciona. These two deities were worshipped together as a divine couple, but are known only from Widdenburg, Luxembourg. Possibly they were deities of that locality.
VERBEIA - A Celtic goddess and personification of the Wharfe River, northern England. An altar dedicated to this goddess is known from Ilkley, North Yorkshire, and an image from the same place may represent the goddess. It depicts a woman with an
overlarge head dressed in a pleated robe. In each hand she holds a geometric zig-zag, probably representing large snakes.
VERCANA - A Celtic goddess who was associated with the springs at Bad Bertich, Germany. They later became a spa, and so Vercana may have been a healing goddess.
VERNOSTONUS - A Celtic god who was the personification of the Alder tree (his name means "alder tree." He is known from an inscription to Cocidius Vernostonus found at Ebchester, near Hadrian's Wall, England.
VINDONNUS - See Apollo Vindonnus.
VINOTONUS - A Celtic god who is known from four inscriptions on altars, all found near the Roman fort of Bowes, North Yorkshire, England. Two of the altars identify him with the Roman deity Silvanus as Silvanus Vinotonus. The function of this deity is
unknown, some authorities have taken the name Vinotonus to be connected with viticulture, while others have thought the name to be a personification of a local stream. Neither view is universally accepted.
VIRADECTHIS - A Germanic goddess who is known from an inscription found at Birrens, Scotland. The dedication was made by men of the "Pagus Condrustis" serving as soldiers of the garrison at Birrens. The Pagus Condrustis was an area of the German
Rhineland, and other dedications to Viradecthis have been found there.
VIRIDIOS - A Celtic god who is known from an inscription found at Ancaster, England. Viridios may mean "virile" or "manly."
VIROTUTIS - See Apollo Virotutis.
VISUCIA - A Celtic goddess who was the counterpart of the Celtic god Visucius. She is known from a dedication to the divine couple Mars Visucius and Visucia from Gaul, and to the divine couple of Mercury Visucius and Visucia from Germany.
VISUCIUS - A Celtic god who was worshipped in the frontier areas of Gaul and Germany. His counterpart was the Celtic goddess Visucia. He was usually equated with the Roman god Mercury, but a dedication equating him with Mars was found in Gaul.
VITIRIS - A Celtic deity also called Hvitiris, Vetus, Vitris, Veteris, Hvitris, Vheteris, Fitires and Veteres. He was a popular deity in the area of Hadrian's Wall, among the lower ranks of the army in the third century. At least one female devotee
dedicated an inscription to him. There was a cult center of this god at Carvoran, Hadrians wall. Fifty-four inscriptions of dedicated to Vitiris are known. One inscription links Viriris with the Celtic deity Mogons, and some of the altars dedicated to him
are decorated with a serpent and a boar. Little is known of the deities function, but he was not linked to any Classical deity.
VOROCIUS - See Mars Vorocius.
VOSEGUS - The Celtic god of the Vosges mountains in eastern Gaul. Vosegus personified the spirit of the mountains and was probably also a god of hunting and the protector of the inhabitants of the Vosges forest. Images of a local nature god may represent
Vosegus. He is portrayed wearing a wolf skin over his shoulders and with his hand on a stag, and he carries a spear, hunting knife, chopper and an open bag containing fruits of the forest such as acorns, nuts, and a pine cone. Other portrayals of the god
show him in a heavy Gallic cloak carrying a piglet under one arm.
X
XULSIGIAE - Celtic deities who are known from a shrine in Trier, Germany, with one of the precincts dedicated to Mars Lenus. They may have been a triad of fertility and mother goddesses, associated with a sacred spring. A clay figure of a Genius
Cucullatus was also found at the shrine, these were often associated with mother goddesses. Possibly an alternative spelling of Suliviae.